Moreno,+Nicholas

Nicholas, Moreno EN 1313 Iyengar1/20/11

Story of Stuff

Nowadays, we all are users: people daily buy electronic devices and consumer goods. But do we all know how we get them and where they are coming from? Well, it is a linear system called the materials economy which counts with five stages: extraction, production, distribution, consumption and disposal. At a first look, they seem really simple, but actually there is much more behind those five words. First, we must think about the extraction. We all know people are using the planet resources and creating toxic chemicals just to produce everyday's objects. But what many people do not know is that this extraction system is destroying our natural enviroments, many forests and many water sources.What is worse, companies are damaging poor countries' atmospheres just to get more and more materials for the whole system. And what is happening to the people who live there? They are moving to slums in big cities just with the purpose of survive, no matter what risky it would be.

The second stage is production. It is not enough for the consumption society to take the resources from the natural enviroments, but also they add new toxical gases and trash to the whole planet as pollution in the production process in factories: Toxics come in, and then go out in the products we daily buy and consume, and all without a health check. Now, the pollution is not just going to the planet, but also to our bodies.

The third one is distribution, which is one of the most importants. The quantity of advertisements we see now are far more than we used to about thirty years ago, and it is a big problem because people mind is changing into a consumption perspective, what will directly affect the fourth step. Now, things are designed to be trashed in just six months, it means we have to buy more things oftenly than we used to. Every merchandise, every reference, every laptop must be replaced in a short period of time, which means people are creating in an accelerated rate more and more trash. It is all about fashion, about being in and not being out from it: the same fashion that gives people "confidence", the same fashion that "makes us look better", the same fashion that is killing our happiness. In the past fifty years, the happiness of peolpe have decreased, just because we are part of a new system that makes us forgive the real things in human's life: friends, sports, passions and family. It all goes to the dump now.

But actually, what is going on with the disposal? This is our last stage, and also probably the worst. Products uncapable fo being recycled are increasing the amount of landfills, so companies incinerate this trash just to make the problem worse: The planet is without its natural enviroments, within toxic gases producted in factories and now with an increasing percent of dioxide in the atmosphere. This new information make us think: where is all this thing going to end up? We actually do not know. What we do, is to create a new concept of production, better for people and better for the planet. We must switch into renewble energy, sustaniability, green chemistry and a circle system of production. It does not ends here: ALL WE NEED TO DO IS ACT!


 * yes, you are right and good job (1/30/11) **


 * Relfection (please use lower case letters as well)/1/22/11 **

We know our current life has been modified for too many products we have consumed in the past fifteen years. There are new technologies that have been adapted to our modern homes. The point, once we have learned about this sytem, is : do we have to get rid of our stuff? I would say off course no. The action required is not for ending the whole system, but to rearrange it, giving it a hundred eighty degrees change.

But the reach a real change in our products system, we all need to be concious: since the little family in the cities and towns, until big companies and factories.

If we, as a concious society work to get the things fixed and no deleted, the world we live in still will be a "healthy planet".

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">In the video, the give us just a couple of solutions for the problem, but we can join forces and find out not two solutions or three, but hundreds of them.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">I think that only if the whole community around the world really get down to work, we can just fix the matter we have created by ourselves.


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Extra points - 2 **

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Nicolas Moreno <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">EN 1313 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Iyengar <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">26/01/2011

<span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">Novel

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">In my own words, a novel is a subgenre in narrative literature. Its main purpose is to tell a long story about an specific topic. The way is written directly depends on the topic is based, however every novel has something in common with others: they are prose. The novel includes many characteristics such as the narrator, characters, specific places and a chronolgy.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">The genres are defined by the topics they cover, for example romantic, science fiction, horror, adventure, psychological, western etc.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Nicolas Moreno <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">EN 1313 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Iyengar <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">01/02/2011 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"> Name Game

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Cyra Dumitru <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Cyra Dumitru works at the fourth floor of the English department. She is a tall and thin woman, and her face reflects the kindness of her heart. She is American born, but her family is from Holland in Europe.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Once we started talking about the history of her name, she told me she had two in her life: Cyra Sweet Sanborn and Cyra Sweet Dumitru. The first one comes from her parents, and the second one comes from her husband.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">The name Cyra by itself does not have a meaning, but it has a story. In her family is quite traditional to name the daughters “Cyra”, which was in the origin a male name: Cyrus. Cyra Dumitru’s grand grand father was named Cyrus, and for some reason she does not know, he putted “Cyra” to his third daughter (Dumitru´s grandmother). The same happened to her mother, to herself and to her daughter.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">When she was young, she did not like that name at all. She thought it was not a proper name for a girl, and she was shy because her name was annoying. This happened for many years until she realized Cyra was not common for people and then started enjoying it.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">About “Sweet” Sanborn, she still does not like it. In fact, that was a reason why she adopted her husband last name: Dumitru, which comes from Rumania.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Dumitru is her married name and she feels really proud of it because it has a little story behind: her husband’s family arrived to the U.S. illegally and remained in that way for several years and then, they were deported to their country. However, the kept trying until they arrived again here staying since then. Cyra admires the braveness of that family because she really thinks it was a tough situation to arrive to a foreign country in such bad conditions.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Nicolas Moreno <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">EN 1313 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Iyengar <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">2/10/11

<span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">How a life can change in one day

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">It was a cloudy morning. I felt weird that Tuesday when I had my breakfast before school, and my mother did not help me to feel better when she said “I dreamt about him last night. I felt like being called from somewhere else, and I think it was him”. “Who?”, asked my big brother. “Julian”, she answered. Hence, I could not stomach my breakfast and my dad drove us to school. My day was not starting normally.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">The truth is that circumstances concerning the boy called Julian were not normal. He was my cousin (my mother’s nephew), he was nineteen years old and no one had been in touch with him for five days. No one: he was lost. Everyone was worried about him because he did not live in that city; he was just on a trip to watch his favorite soccer team in a match, but he never made it to the match. His parents, his aunts, his uncles and even his friends were destroyed. As for me, I was scared more than anything: when I was a child I could not handle death, and that was what I was thinking about that morning.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">My school day was over, and my brother and I decided to go and play tennis that afternoon; maybe with my mind in another place, I would feel better. But I could not. As soon as we started to warm up nearby home, a strong rain began to pour down and we had no choice but go inside a cafeteria and wait. The tennis courts seemed sad; even more than the streets, that now were completely empty. As for us, we were in a deep silence: no words came out, no noise and no feelings. A few minutes later, my dad arrived to the cafeteria and stayed with us a while. He was with his friends and their sons, who were my brother’s friends as well. “We can play something while the rain stops, something like table games”, I suggested. All of them agreed and for the first time of that day, I felt warm. However, it did not last long: about half an hour later, my dad’s phone rang and the coldness of the mood came rushing back. He stayed quiet for a while and then screamed loudly, in a manner that everyone in that cafeteria listened to him: “WHAT?!” Instantaneously, he threw his phone out of the window, stared at us, who were very concerned, and said in a deep, sad and disappointed voice “Julian was murdered last night. Flor, his aunt, called me to tell us they are in the morgue of the city, waiting for his cadaver”. I did not say anything, but the scary feelings of sadness made me think that happiness did not exist, that it was a utopia, likewise a dream that indeed never came true.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">After we got my dad’s phone from the outside garden, he called mom, who obviously started to cry uncontrollably for ten minutes. Once she calmed down a little bit (she was still disturbed) we decide to join Julian’s parents at the morgue in the center of the city to give them our support, even though my mom was destroyed too.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">It was just the beginning of the creepy story. The whole atmosphere was scary, once we arrived to the morgue. My family was there, literally screaming and crying. I felt just as the hope of the world had vanished, leaving nothing but misery and melancholy. The darkness of the place, the low temperature and the rain outside made things feel worse. I did not know how to react in the face of that situation: I was just standing in the middle of tears and weeping, expressionless. I was daydreaming until a strong hug returned me back to the reality; I did not know who it was until a soft but desperate voice said “Please take care of yourself, I do not want any of you to live my son’s luck... Why my son? Why my little son?!” It was my cousin’s mother, yelling.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">We waited for almost two hours for the remains of my cousin. It was a horrible scene to watch: a hearse suddenly came from the building’s parking lot, asked for Julian’s parents and went away. They had to do other paperwork before the burial. As for the rest of us, we waited for the forensic report. Everyone wanted to know what had happened to him. Apparently, he was shot in his neck and then put on the other side of the city. No one ever knew who, why or how he got there. Never.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">That night is something probably I will never forget. I saw in the security cameras of the buildings horrors I should never have, some corpses and images I do not want to remember. I had nightmares for months and since then, Julian’s parents were never the same again.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Nicolas E. Moreno <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">EN 1313 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Iyengar <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">3/8/11

<span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">How to Seek Happiness

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Is happiness reality or a dream? Is it something that only takes place in people’s mind? Those questions probably have different answers depending on whom you are asking, and that is why happiness is not something defined or conceptualized: it is not something you can find in an encyclopedia with detailed steps that you can follow in order to be happy in life. If you want to be happy in your life, it is important to keep this in mind: every person all over the world will have a different answer on what happiness is, because it is something attached to their personality. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Hence, how is it possible to guide people to find their own happiness? It is possible in the way the answer is found inside oneself. It is also possible when a specific person helps you to discover the kind of happiness you are looking for. However, at the end, each person is the only one who can answer the main question: What is his or her happiness and how to seek it? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">There are three different keys or steps for happiness. First one: no matter what, no matter how, always accept the life you are living. Therefore, acceptance is the first key for our happiness. Everybody in some point of their lives feel stuck, likewise there is no exit to their problems, which solutions are unreachable and that happiness was not made for them. In these specific points in life you need to be calm and accept what is coming: the death of a relative or friend, the end of a relationship, broken business or unexpected illnesses. People sometimes do not remember that there is no darkness without light, and always we will find a road that will get us to that light. No matter how long this road will be. Our second key is patience: it is the one <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">that give us strength to keep fighting in daily life. For example, when we do not know when we are going to be healed of that illness, when we are going to get that job, or when we are going to meet that special person, we must wait for the right moment. All you know is that you are alive and that you must take advantage of every single moment, every single day. Why do we have to wait until we reach our goals to be happy? Why do not we just make this road the source of joy and happiness? Sometimes we wait so much for a moment to happen, that we forget about daily life. Live each moment like it is the last experience you will have. Now, what is worse, sometimes that moment never happens and we start to feel depressed or very unhappy. In this situation, we should review our first step, which is acceptance. As a personal point view, I would say: never expect the best of somebody or something, so you will never be disappointed.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">As a third step in the path to happiness, there is the “No judgments key”. In other words, taking care of other’s lives make us forget ours. Even though human being is based on the social aspect and relationships between people are a very important part of our existence, there is always a need to reflect about ourselves. Never criticize your friends’ traditions, beliefs or physic <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">﻿ <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">al aspects because it will never feed your happiness; instead, it will not allow you to watch yourself, to do a personal reflection thinking about what you really want, or deeper, who you really are. Forget about superfluous details in life and focus on what really matters: share with family, fall in love, be successful in your own way and reach goals.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Finally, after checking the three main steps to reach happiness people should ask themselves: what is my happiness? What do I think about life? Each person should follow the steps and answer their questions. As for me, I have already found my definition of happiness: Happiness is not something I am looking for, it should be a constant state of personal peace that will come without being called.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nicolas Moreno <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">EN 1313 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">Iyengar <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">22/03/2011

**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in;"> Extra Credit: Recognizing Outstanding Contribution of Women in Science ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">**Gerty Cori** was born in Prague in August 1896. Her father worked in a refinery, which made her to be interested on these types of fields. She is a Nobel Prize in Biochemistry in 1947 in the classification of Medicine. Along with her husband, they published their first paper together. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">As soon as they got married, they moved from Prague to Vienna, where she suffered sexism working in her job. Then, after the first World War I, the moved to the U.S. where both of them found a job: Carl (her husband) worked in an institution for diseases and Gerty as an assistant (just because she was a woman). In 1931 they moved to Washington University, where they worked in the faculty until 1947, when they got the Nobel Prize. They made history at that time because the world already knew about glycolisis, but not about the piruvic acid. They discovered the Cori Ester ( Glucose-1-Phosphate) and they described how that ester acted in a cycle later called the Cori cycle. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">As for their family, in 1936 their son Thomas was born. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">**Barbara McClintock** was a geneticist that never married and had children. She went to Cornell University, where she got her B.S. in 1923, her M.A. in 1925 and her Ph. D. in 1927 in Ithaca New York. She got a Nobel Prize for her discovery of mobile genetic elements in 1982.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Nicolas Moreno <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">EN 1313 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">Iyengar <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;">27/03/2011

<span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">Kim Summary <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Chapter 1. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kim is a thirteen years-old poor boy in India. He has Irish roots but he was raised by a woman that smoked opium. Apparently, she had a close friendship with Kim's father (O'Hara) because when Kim's mother passed out when he was just a baby, O'Hara gave the baby to her, as well as his last pertinences: three documents that Kim keeps in his necklace. O'Hara, in his glorious opium hours, used to tell a prophecy about Kim: that his horn will be exalted between pillars, that a colonel, riding a horse, would attend to Kim, and any other confusing characters inlcuding a Red Bull in a green field and nine hundred first-class devils. It was Kim's task to discover his own destiny, especially when he was known already as Friend of All the World due to his skills of not being detecting: he has English sometimes. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The story begins when Kim, who lived in Lahore City close to the Wonder-House museum, meets a Tibetan Lama who is looking for a holy river. The Lama went to the museum to look information about the location of this holy river, the river that apparently take away all the sins of the body. This river had a mythological background related to gods and it is the Lama's purpose to find it. However, in his last stop on his way to Lahore, the Lama lost his disciple (chela) and now is alone. That is why Kim take the place of the Chela and join the Lama in his trip to find the river. But what Kim does not know is that it is the trip to find his destiny as well. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In order to begin their trip, they rest at one of Kim's friend: Mahbub Ali. He allows them to stay with just one condition. Kim must send a message from him to Umballa city, where there is a Englishman. They rest that night until Kim see a couple of stranger getting into Ali's place looking for something not related with money. Kim realizes that his new task is dangerous and departure early to Umballa, along with the Lama. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Chapter 2. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">On their way to Umballa city, Kim and the Lama meet native Indians from all around the country. Was by that time when Kim shows his skills for being "Friend Of all the World" and make up some friends in the train. It also shown Kim's cunning when he get "free" tickets from Lahore to Umballa city. He used people's beliefs to touch their hearts and get help. That was how he got a place in Umballa to stay for a night. Before that, Kim went to the Enlgishman's place to send Ali's documents and realize that those papers were causing a big trouble: the Englishman was a colonel and he was planning war based on the new information. The new information was related with the pedigree of a stallion that Ali gave the Englishman sometime in the past. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Back in his new friend's house in Umballa, a random priest tried to read the signs of stars and sky and figured put that Kim's destiny correlated with a war and it was supposed to show up in the next two days. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Chapter 3. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Again in their search of the holy river, the lama and Kim go trough a farmer's garden. He tried to pull them out until he knows that the lama is a holy man. The lama taught the farmer a basic lesson of being prejudiced and apologizes giving them food. Later on during the day, they meet a priest and director of a small village. Kim, who sometimes talk to much, "announce" a prophecy concerning a war and eight thousand troops. However, a old Indian Soldier calls Kim to question him about that "prophecy". Apparently, he was hesitating it was true at all until Kim gives a detailed description of the colonel that is preparing the war. Satisfied with Kim's story, the old soldier go with the lama and Kim the next morning to the "Grand Trunk Road", an easy path to go and look for the river. In their journey, they find a little kid that is being entertained by the lama, just when five minutes ago, the lama had said that no emotions or attachments should be shown when you are treating people. They got into the road finally. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Chapter 4. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The lama and Kim begin their journey to find the river by going through the Grand Trunk Road, which is a road that connects many parts of India. It was considered a very important way of communication. As soon as they started to move, Kim's cunning is placed in proof once again. A police officer ask them to pay a tax of two annes per head, but quickly Kim avoids it by saying him that Kim's brother was a very important colonel and he had the right to walk in the road. The police officer moves back and Kim with the lama kept going through the way. The day kept going and Kim observed very careful the place: the people that was there, the whole environment and how different cultures of all around India met in the same place. Kim saw a marriage procession and the whole atmosphere there such as the music, the people and way of dressing. About the holy one, he did not say a word during the day. Kim tried to talk to him more than twice, but still he was in deep meditation. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Later on, almost night, when the lama and Kim where thinking about staying in a //parao,// they meet a procession in which a rich woman is traveling. Once again, Kim's cunning tries to take advantage of the situation and ask for help, but this time the woman answered in the same way, being very smart talking. Her scolds try to keep going until the woman realizes that the lama is a holy one. She starts talking to him, asking for help to get plenty heritage (grandsons) with the lama's prays. Thtas was how they got once again free shelter and very good food. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Chapter 5. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The next day, while Kim is observing the place, he met a group of Englishmen: a regiment. Kim observed them from distance for a while until he realizes that a red bull on a green field is drew in one of the Englishmen's flags. This instantaneously catches his attention because he remembered the prophecy his dad used to announce in his opium hours. He remembered as well that the priest in Umballa city had told him that his destiny will be revealed in less than two days. So, Kim asked the lama to stay while he was going to inspect the place near. Kim approached to the place and observed the situation for a while: men were praying and the priest in the middle of the ceremony was talking. Suddenly, somebody grabbed Kim and put him in the middle of the place, claiming him to be a thief. Kim claimed not to be a thief and expressed his wish to put him down and let him go. However, the priest, who is called Bennett, found Kim's necklace where O'Hara's papers remained. Bennett looked carefully at these documents and ask for help to another father called Victor. Both realized that Kim is a white boy dressed like native and he is a son of an irish man that actually they knew and had respect as well. Since then, the Englishmen started to treat Kim as an equal and aked him many question about his life, what he was doing there and his "future plans". Kim had no other solution that tell them about the lama and called him. Once the lama got to the campaigner where the Englishmen where settled, they Asihbs (White men) told the lama that Kim had to stay with them in order to send him to a school in India, where Kim was going to learn how to be a Sahib. Kim told the lama that he was going to run away as soon as he could, and that the lama should stay with the rich woman in order to be well treated until Kim come back and begin again their journey. However, the lama did not payed attention to him and started asking the white men about the education Kim was going to get and how much would it cost to send him to the best school. They answered saying how much would it cost to send Kim to Xavier's school, which was the best one for Sahibs. Finally, the Lama, in the face of the situation said bye to his chela very saddly. Kim also told the Englishmen about the war was about to start and they did not believe him <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Chapter 6. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The next day, Father Victor told him that his "prophecy" came true and there was a war and that was why they had to leave. Since then, Kim was put under a drummer eye. However, he figured out the way to send a letter to Mahbub Ali, telling him what had happened. Later, after Kim sent that letter, Father Victor told Kim he got a message from the Lama. Apparently, the lama was going to pay Kim's school in the city of Lucknao at Xavier's. Kim started to wonder where the lama was going to take that money from and where he was. Kim was worried thinking if the Lama had left the woman's place or not. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mahbub Ali shows up and started to convince Kim that he should not try to escape from there and that he should stay. Then, the Colonel Creighton, the one that Kim had known first in Umballa came. He talked with Mahbub about Kim's story and the he hoped that in Xavier's Kim would become a nice Sahib. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Chapter 7. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kim sent then a letter to his lama, telling that he was going to be taught at Xavier's.  <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kim begins his travel to Lucknao and the Colonel started to talk him about some little aspect Kim did manage well. He implied that once Kim finished his studies would work for him as a secret worker, or in other words an spy. Kim, showing again his cunning, told him to wait until he became a man. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Once in Lucknao, before the beginning of the school, Kim re encountered with the lama, who told Kim where he had been and where he was going to stay, in Benares. The lama told Kim that the Kulu woman wanted him for praying and charm children, so he decided to leave her not before promised her that he would go back if he needed something. The lama said bye to his chela, who now was starting another stage in life. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The first year at Xavier's starts and quickly Kim get his holidays. He is told not to left some bounds, but anyways he did. He stayed lost for a while. The Colonel is concerned if escaped or not, but then he is conviced to believe that Kim will go back sooner or later. Then he get a letter form Kim telling that he will go back and not to worry. After some time, Kim returns with Mahbub Ali and told him where he had been. Later on, Mahbub Ali suggest Kim to stay and to serve him as an "assistant". <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Chapter 8. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in;"> Kim began his little job of assistant an first of all, told Mahbub Ali that the papers he had sent to the Colonel were explicitly related to the war that was taking place. So far, everything is good related with Mahbub Ali, but right after Kim told him all his experiences about his free time, how he had become older in many aspects and Kim was going to be part of the spionage in British India, two men came looking for Mahbub. Fortunately, he was no there, but Kim listened what these men were saying: they were lookink for Ali, wait until he was asleep and finally kill him. Wisely, Kim aware his friend saving his life. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Chapter 9. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> The mysterious problem around Mahbub Ali was that he was a British Spy in India, concerning the northern invasion of Russia. That was the war that started because of the papers Kim delivered. All that networks was known as the Great Game in which soon, Kim was going to be part of. In order to do so, he is sent to the home of the antiques and jewel dealer, Lurgan Sahib, who is <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 32px;">part in the Great Game. Lurgan Sahib is a hypnotist. He, with a small Hindu boy, teaches Kim to use many mind games to develop his observation skills, as practice for his future in that network of spying (his roll is known as chain-man). Another key chain-man, the Bengali Hurree Chunder Mookerjee, visits Lurgan Sahib and Kim and approves of Kim’s potential and progress in his training. Mookerjee returns Kim to Lucknow and presents him with the gift of a medicine toolkit. Kim completes his next year at St. Xavier’s with great success as a student. He spends his summer holidays working as an assistant to Mahbub Ali and his Christmas holiday continuing his training with Lurgan Sahib. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 32px;">Chapter 10. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; line-height: 32px;">Kim has spent now three years at Xavier's school, so, Mahbub Ali an Lurgan Sahib talked to the colonel convincing him that now that Kim is sixteen years old, he is ready to be drop out of school and starts his job as a chain-man in the Great Game. After that, Kim is brought to a witch-blind prostitute (Huneefa) that puts Kim in an authentic disguise as a teen Buddist priest. In that way, Kim is initiated in the spying network by getting known all the secrets of the job such as the code (Son of the Charm) and many tools. Mookerjee is the one who does this process. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nicolas Moreno <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">EN 1313 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">Iyengar <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">20/04/2011

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"> Culture of the Week Brochure: Colombian Coffee.



<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nicolas Moreno <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">EN 1313 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">Iyengar <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;">29/03/2011

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;">Different Spanish Accents in Colombia. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Colombia is a very diverse country due to its historical background. The shock of different cultures such as Hispanic, African and native Indians made of this country a unique place where diverse people is found daily. That is why you can find many different types of people, mentalities, food, customs and even languages all around the Colombia. Colombia is also a very regional country, which means that people from different places around try always to distinguish where they are from. We can find, for example, people from the Caribbean coast, from the northwest mountains (known as //Paisas//), from the center (Capital City), and from the South Valleys. Each has different Spanish accents that distinguish them when they are traveling to different regions of Colombia//.// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">The Caribbean accent is recognized for being spoken very fast, sometimes leaving spaces for misunderstandings when some consonants are not pronounced. The /R/, for example, is slightly pronounced, similar to the /L/ or sometimes not even pronounced. The general vernacular Spanish in Colombia is spoken in this region due to its economic conditions. Most of the population does not live in good standards of living because many of them are dedicated to agriculture and fishing rather than developed industry. The level of education in this region is not a high, so many people talk without grammar rules. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">The //Paisa// accent is recognized for being very strong. Most of the words in this part of Colombia get the stress at the beginning of the sentences, giving a feeling of rudeness. //Paisa// people are recognized for being very talkative as well, sometimes annoying when they speak too much, but most of all, very smart in business and negotiation. All around the country, //Paisa//’s people are known for taking advantage of every situation because they like to introduce themselves to other kind of people, making others get to know them. Colombian people use to say that “//Paisas// can even sell you what they do not have”. This is due to their good speech skills. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">The Bogota´s accent (Capital City) is characterized for being flat and with no stress at all. Sometimes it is over polite and very formal, especially with the oldest people. Bogota is known as the “Latin America’s Athens” because its general focus is culture, fine arts, literature and politics. A proof of it is that it was named as the “2007 Book’s World’s capital” due to its high level of culture and processes of developing in social sciences. All these cultural recognitions are revealed in the language that citizens speak at an extreme point that Bogotan’s Spanish is internationally known as the best and most understandable Spanish in the world. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">The South Valleys’ accent is maybe the most suitable and friendly accent in Colombia. One of the cities located in this region, Cali, is called the “Heaven’s Branch” because its people are famous for their positive way of see and enjoy life, as well as for their good dancing salsa skills (It is recognized as the Salsa World Capital). As for the language by itself, it is said to be friendly because there are no differences between the language they use with friends and the one the use with strangers. However, it is hard to understand for non-native Spanish speakers because they look like they are singing all the time. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">In conclusion, Colombia is a diverse country in many aspects, nature and culture wise, but the joint of all these different characteristics is what makes the country unique. At the end, there are not //Paisan//, Bogotans or Caribbeans: there are Colombians.

Nicolas Esteban Moreno Gender Differences St. Mary’s University Gender Differences: Women and Identity Since the beginning of human history, men and women have been distinguished from each other in many aspects. The first difference for example, as soon as human intelligence began to develop, was work division. Here, not only physical but psychological aspects determined who had to do what. Men were not only stronger but also more focused; therefore, they were better hunters for their families. Women were not only more patient but also more delicate when raising children and food gathering. Self-definition in women has changed according to abrupt changes in society, modifying the way they express to others in their daily language. Since work division, thousands of years later, these differences have changed, even though they still remain as a mark in actual society. The roles of women and men in contemporary society are not as different as they used to be because women now can work in any subject area they want to. However, they way of working of each gender is different. It is not a matter of which is better or which is worse; the crucial point is to analyze both in order to set up those differences. Women, for example, are the individuals that have suffered most of the changes due to historical background: they have been always able to do any job such as politics, math and science, but human civilization never allowed them to do so until few decades ago. Not to go so far in the past, in 1984, “less than 10% of the master’s degrees and less than 6% of doctorates in engineering went for women.” (Vetter and Babco, 1986, 74). The curious part is that they remarked that in the same year, women got the majority of the human psychology and health sciences degrees. Analyzing stages in life, Slattery (2005) indicates that gender of a person I used to classify them since childhood and preschool, giving them an identity. Later on, when teenagers interact, these identities are shown inside a group. Then, when people reach maturity, gender is considered as a mark for individuals and no groups anymore. However, to understand how these interactions occurs, processes that differentiate men and women need to be understood. Getting to know deeply what kind of differences exist on gender’s mind, Markus (1989) reported that definition of self differs on each gender, depending on answering the question “Who am I?” and that females will either go for the “interdependent or connected” way (p. 103). In other words, most women will try to find a scheme in which they define themselves as individuals strongly dependent on other people like parents, siblings or friends; or completely independent, where they are the center of their lives. Now analyzing how language can be a description of psychology among genders, Hyde (1984) tries to answer the question to “whether sexist language is primary and produces sexist thought, or whether sexist thought is primary and produces sexist language” (p.705). What he discusses at this point is that sexist language is a proof of sexist thought, because the language is an expression of our minds, rather than the other way around. It is not possible to think that people talk in some manner while they are thinking in different ways. Based on that, we can affirm that women that present sexist language tend to be more feminist for many reasons such as family heritage, life experiences or even college perspectives. It is concluded then how a human’s mind is not a result of chance, it is the product of life experiences in the different stages of existence: childhood, adolescence and adult life. Mind is in constant change, but there are always differences between male and female thoughts. References Crawford, M. Gentry, M. (1989). // Gender and Thoughts //. New York: Springer-Verlag. Retrieved from St. Mary’s University Louis J. Blume Library Catalog. Slattery, L. (2005). Gender Status and Beliefs. // Social Science Research. // // 34 //(3), 8-10. DOI: 10.1016. Retrieved from EBSCOhost database: [] <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">